The former player: 'I hoped to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This article includes descriptions of racially offensive comments and conduct
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell states that going public to reveal racism in professional rugby led his professional journey to an premature end.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the game, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what occurred," he explained to reporters.
"I wanted to continue competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news came out that there were investigations underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply accept the fate and understand that this entire situation is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather sufficient evidence to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to media he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've personally suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a extended period you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has placed significant attention on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to work for a environment of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and women's rugby club now has face-to-face education on building welcoming environments, with its effectiveness tracked via individual reports and surveys.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to intervene and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film about his experiences.
"I know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have achieved so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sister passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the sport more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to reach young people in disadvantaged communities and help them thrive both on the field with free sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the progress of the game and if others is willing to tell their story then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as excellent as it can be and the more I speak about it perhaps the more confident others will become about discussing their own stories as well.
"I take the challenge by the opportunity and keep bearing this flag and keep supporting this weight and do what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more appealing and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of poverty and I honestly think that rugby has the potential to change their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in November 2022